Transmission Line Faults
The fault analysis of a power system is required in order to provide information for the selection of switchgear, setting of relays and stability of system operation. A power system is not static but changes during operation (switching on or off of generators and transmission lines) and during planning (addition of generators and transmission lines).
Objectives of Fault Studies:
- Power Flow Analysis: Analogue methods of power flow analysis: dc and ac network analysers Digital methods of analysis: Power Flow algorithms and flow charts, analysis using iterative techniques.
- Power system faults: Causes and effects of faults. Review of per unit system and symmetrical components. Symmetrical three-phase faults. Asymmetrical faults, short circuit and open circuit conditions. Introduction to simultaneous faults.
- Power System Stability:Steady state stability: Power angle diagram, effect of voltage regulator, swing equation Transient stability: Equal area criterion, stability under fault conditions, step by step solution of swing equation.
Thus fault studies need to be routinely performed by electrical engineers because faults usually occur in a power system due to the ff. factors:
- insulation failure
- flashover
- physical damage
- human errors
- act of nature
These faults, may either be three phase in nature involving all three phases in a symmetrical manner, or may be asymmetrical where usually only one or two phases may be involved.
Faults may also be caused by either short-circuits to earth or between live conductors, or may be caused by broken conductors in one or more phases. Sometimes simultaneous faults may occur involving both short-circuit and broken conductor faults (also known as open-circuit faults).
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| Credit: University of Minnesota |
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| Credit: University of Minnesota |
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